Case Reports in Pulmonology
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Acceptance rate30%
Submission to final decision84 days
Acceptance to publication15 days
CiteScore0.900
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Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformation Unmasked by Pregnancy: A Review of Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations and Cardiovascular and Respiratory Changes in Pregnancy

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Case Reports in Pulmonology publishes case reports and case series in all areas of pulmonology, prevention, diagnosis and management of pulmonary and associated disorders, as well as related molecular genetics, pathophysiology, and epidemiology.

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Case Reports in Pulmonology maintains an Editorial Board of practicing researchers from around the world, to ensure manuscripts are handled by editors who are experts in the field of study.

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Case Report

Successful Management of Coronavirus Disease 2019-Related Respiratory Failure Using High-Flow Nasal Cannula Therapy in a Patient with Underlying Pulmonary Artery Hypertension

A case involving a 50-year-old woman (height, 155 cm; weight, 79.6 kg), who was undergoing home oxygen therapy (3.5 L/min), with an oxygen saturation (SpO2) of approximately 91% due to pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) with mixed connective tissue disease, is reported. The patient developed coronavirus disease 2019- (COVID-19-) related respiratory failure, with an SpO2 of 78% on oxygen inhalation (3.5 L/min) and was admitted to the authors’ hospital. In accordance with remdesivir, dexamethasone, and heparin treatment, high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) therapy was selected to avoid intubation. At an initial HFNC setting of 70% oxygen with a flow rate of 50 L/min, SpO2 improved to 92% and her subjective symptoms improved. She was weaned from HFNC on day 5 of admission (day 14 of COVID-19 onset) and discharged home on day 14 of admission. In patients with PAH, the beneficial effects of HFNC to avoid endotracheal intubation were evident in avoiding hemodynamic instability and worsening respiratory failure.

Case Report

Bronchoscopy Laser and Silicone Y-Stents as Emergency Airway Management in Central Airway Stenosis Due to Secondary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Case Report

Total airway obstruction in thyroid cancer is rare and has high morbidity and mortality. Airway management in such cases is challenging, especially in cases in which thyroid masses cannot be totally resected. It is important to choose the appropriate airway treatment modality. Currently, therapeutic rigid bronchoscopy procedures and endoluminal lasers, as well as airway stent insertion, are a management modality of near-total malignant airway obstruction. We report a rigid bronchoscopy procedure combined with laser and Y-stent silicone insertion in thyroid cancer with extension infiltration, as well as compression in the trachea covering the subglottic tracheal area up to the main carina and tracheo-bronchomalacia, manifesting as acute respiratory failure.

Case Report

Alveolar Proteinosis in COVID-19: Clinical Case

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare, diffuse lung disease characterized by accumulation of lipoprotein in lung surfactant in the alveolar space and terminal bronchioles, leading to impaired gas exchange and arterial hypoxemia. We present the case of a 51-year-old woman who was admitted with a diagnosis of severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. Her condition did not improve with corticosteroids. A chest CT scan revealed ground-glass opacities in all lung lobes, with septal thickening. A differential diagnosis was proposed with other diseases. Bronchoscopy revealed milky bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and staining with periodic acid–Schiff was positive, thus indicating PAP. Therefore, the patient underwent whole lung lavage, which led to clinical, radiological, and functional improvement. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, differential diagnosis ensures that appropriate attention is given to less prevalent entities such as PAP.

Case Report

Calcification in Thoracic Splenosis

Splenosis is a rare condition described as the implantation of ectopic splenic tissue, usually after a splenic rupture. Thoracic splenosis refers to acquired ectopic splenic tissue found within the thoracic cavity, often caused by thoracoabdominal trauma or surgery. Most cases are asymptomatic and many years may elapse before they are incidentally discovered on chest radiography or thoracic computed tomography. Splenosis is often misinterpreted as a malignancy on initial imaging. We wish to highlight a rare case of thoracic splenosis presenting with calcified and non-calcified nodules. Only two other cases of calcification have been reported in intrathoracic splenosis, neither of which provided CT images of this finding.

Case Report

COVID-19 Vaccination Associated Bilateral Pulmonary Embolism: Cause or Coincidence

Background. Acute pulmonary embolism (APE) is a common cause of morbidity and mortality all over the world. Sudden onset dyspnea and chest pain are characteristic. Prior to our index case, only two previous cases of bilateral pulmonary thromboembolism were reported in black Africans and the first to be associated with COVID-19 vaccination. These cases were seen and described in middle-aged men. Case Summary. A 59-year-old man presented with a 2 week history of sudden onset dyspnea and a week history of productive cough. No associated chest pain or hemoptysis. No preceding history suggestive of leg pain/swelling. The patient had the booster dose of moderna (mRNA) COVID-19 vaccine a month before the onset of symptoms. There was associated anorexia, generalized body pain, joint pain, and weakness. He had reduced oxygen saturation at presentation with tachycardia. CTPA showed nearly occlusive right and left pulmonary arteries. Conclusion. Bilateral acute pulmonary embolism is rare all over the world. Its association with COVID-19 vaccine administration is even rarer. However, the clinical presentations and investigation findings are similar to the descriptions available in the literature for unilateral APE.

Case Report

Navigational Bronchoscopy with Cryobiopsy for Diagnosis of ILD

Background. Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) are a group of parenchymal pulmonary diseases in which pathologic diagnosis is essential. Although cryobiopsy has a high diagnostic yield, the complication rate remains high. Case Presentation. We report two cases of lung cryobiopsy guided by navigational bronchoscopy (LCB) for the diagnosis of ILD. In both cases, a CT chest angiogram (CTA) using a navigational protocol was performed. Targets were premarked and reached with the navigational system. Radial ultrasound (RU) was applied in combination with fluoroscopy guidance (FG) prior to sampling. Both patients achieved a final diagnosis; they were discharged home after procedure and no complications were noted. Discussion. By using a CTA with navigational guidance, we were able to perform cryobiopsy in areas with most disease activity and least vascularization. Conclusion. LCB used with navigational guidance for the diagnosis of ILD provides may be a safe and effective procedure that provides high diagnostic yield. Limitations include cost, availability, and expertise. Larger trials are needed to confirm the additional benefit.

Case Reports in Pulmonology
 Journal metrics
See full report
Acceptance rate30%
Submission to final decision84 days
Acceptance to publication15 days
CiteScore0.900
Journal Citation Indicator-
Impact Factor-
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